This paper provides an insight into some of the challenges faced by science teachers in Nigeria in ensuring quality science education for sustainable national development. The paper also suggests ways on how to confronting the identified challenges. Also, the concept of Science Education, quality education, and quality science education were examined. It was concluded that if science education was given adequate attention by the government, the national economic growth would be achieved. Recommendations were made among others that: academically and professionally qualified teachers should be recruited to teach science subjects in schools. Also, quality assurance should be put in place at all levels of education. Provision of adequate science laboratories and provision of found to finance science education etc. must be ensured.